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amino acid

An amino acid (Amino, British:) Amino acid) is (in the field of the chemistry in particular), amino group and the general term of the organic compound having both functional groups of the carboxyl group in a wide sense.
On the other hand, it points at (when more common than particularly biochemical field and others), "a α - amino acid" becoming the constitution unit of the protein of the living body in a narrow sense.
Molecular biology tends to include proline (classified in an imino acid) included in a heredity signal book in an amino acid in convenience in the field of life sciences to treat a biological molecule.

I call the amino acid which an animal cannot compose in the body the essential amino acids for the kind.
The essential amino acids are different by an animal class.

I am important for a nutrient from the start, but in late years, as for the (as of 2006), a supplement containing an amino acid causes a kind of healthy boom to a consumer, and a health food, a drink maker start a new product flourishingly.
However, the balance of the ingredient of the amino acid is studied according to the quantity that is necessary for a human being and is uncertain whether it is combined.

A α - amino acid is the amino acid which the amino group connects to carbon (α carbon) which a carboxyl group connects and has structure called RCH(NH2)COOH.
R is hydrogen(H) The combination styles such as amino group to the α carbon or the carboxyl group are possible two ways three-dimensionally, and, in the amino acid except the glycine, it is distinguished as each, D type, an optical isomer of the L-form.
The protein of the living body is a polymer of the α - amino acid, but only the thing of the L-form becomes the constitution ingredient basically.
D type is natural, and existence is found by a constitution ingredient and the aging organization of the bacterial cell wall, a certain nerve cell.
The protein of the living body consists of 20 kinds of amino acids by the difference of the lateral chain which I transcribed in R in the case of most.
The individual amino acid is different in properties such as hydrophilic hydrophobicity, the basic acidity by the property of this lateral chain.